How to Get a Federal Background Check: Step-by-Step Guide

Obtaining a federal background check, commonly referred to as an FBI Identity History Summary, is a precise process designed to verify an individual’s criminal history at the federal level. This guide explains what the check includes, how to prepare fingerprints, where to submit requests, and what to expect from the results. It covers the official federal pathway and practical steps to streamline the process for U.S. residents seeking employment, volunteering, or security clearances.

Understand What A Federal Background Check Covers

A federal background check focuses on records maintained by the FBI’s Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division. The Identity History Summary reflects arrests or criminal history records submitted to the FBI by criminal justice agencies. It does not automatically include every state or local record unless that data has been reported to the FBI. For many employment or licensing scenarios, the federal check is complemented by state and local records.

Different Types And Where They Are Used

The primary federal option is the FBI Identity History Summary, often called a “federal background check.” This summary lists disqualifying or relevant information about an individual’s criminal history as reported to the FBI. Some employers or contractors may require a less formal “background check” that compiles data from state repositories or private vendors; however, only the FBI Identity History Summary represents federally maintained records.

For international or security clearance needs, agencies may require additional investigations or security clearances that go beyond the Identity History Summary. In any case, applicants should confirm the exact documentation requested by the receiving entity to avoid delays.

Preparing Your Fingerprints

Fingerprints are a central element of the federal background check process. There are two common methods: inked fingerprints on a rolled card or electronic fingerprints submitted through a state agency or approved channeler. Rolled ink cards, typically the standard FBI fingerprint card, are still used in many jurisdictions, while electronic submission offers faster processing and fewer errors.

• Choose an approved fingerprinting location: local police departments, sheriff’s offices, or authorized private providers often offer fingerprinting services.
• Maintain clean, smudge-free fingers to ensure quality scans or impressions.
• Confirm that the fingerprint card or electronic submission matches your legal name and date of birth exactly.
• Capture all ten fingerprints, including both thumbs and all fingers, to avoid incomplete submissions.

If you have lived outside the United States, obtain fingerprints through the appropriate embassy or consulate, and ensure they meet FBI requirements for identity verification. Some applicants may be eligible for electronic fingerprint submission via state programs or authorized channels to speed up processing.

How To Submit Your Identity History Summary Request

The federal process centers on submitting an Identity History Summary Request to the FBI. The standard steps are:

1. Complete the Identity History Summary Request form, ensuring all personal information is accurate and up-to-date.
2. Provide fingerprint submissions: either two sets of inked prints on the FBI standard fingerprint card (FD-258) or an approved electronic submission.
3. Include the payment for the processing fee, typically $18, payable to the U.S. Treasury (fees may vary; verify current amount).
4. Mail the completed form, fingerprint cards, and payment to the FBI CJIS Division address listed on the official form.

Alternative avenues exist for faster processing via certified channelers or state agencies that coordinate with the FBI. Some employers or agencies may require you to use a specific provider or portal for submitting fingerprints and Identity History Summary requests.

The FBI notes processing times can vary, often several weeks, depending on submission volume and accuracy. Incomplete or inaccurate fingerprints commonly cause delays, so it is critical to verify that all documents are correctly filled and legible before mailing.

Interpreting Results And Next Steps

The Identity History Summary lists every record associated with a given name and identifying data that the FBI has on file. If a disputed item appears, individuals have a right to contact the FBI to request a correction or removal of inaccurate information. Processing a correction may require providing official documentation or court records to support the change.

Once the FBI issues the Identity History Summary, the requester can share the report with employers, licensing boards, or other entities that require a federal background check. Some recipients will request a full background check from separate vendors; in those cases, provide the official FBI report and any two-factor verification details if requested.

Common Delays And How To Speed Up

Delays often stem from fingerprint quality, mismatched personal details, or mailing backlogs. To minimize delays:

• Double-check your name, date of birth, and social security number on every document.
• Ensure fingerprints are clear and complete; request retakes if necessary.
• Consider electronic submission when available, as it can reduce processing time.
• Track your package when mailing your request to confirm delivery and receipt.
• Verify the current processing fees and turnaround times on the FBI’s official site or through approved channelers.

Users should also be aware of privacy considerations and the secure handling of sensitive personal data during and after the request process. If any information seems incorrect on the report, contact the FBI promptly to initiate a correction process.